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The Identification of the Palace of Mangana
The Importance of the Church of St. Saviour
The view that the ruins discovered near İncili Köşk belong to the Palace of Mangana, rather than...
Evidence Before and After the Turkish Conquest
Agreement of Earlier and Later Sources
The evidence gathered from writers after the Turkish Conquest is in striking agreement with the descriptions given by authors...
Early References After the Fall of Constantinople
Gyllius and the First Post-1453 Account
The first writer who mentions the church and the holy spring after the year 1453 is Pierre Gyllius. While...
Identifying the Gate of St. Romanus
Identifying the Gate of St. Romanus (Top Kapı)
Top Kapoussi (modern Top Kapı), located between the sixth and seventh towers north of the Fourth Military...
Identifying the Gate of the Red Faction
Identifying the Gate of the Red Faction (Porta Rhousiou)
The identification of this gate with the name of the Red Faction—Porta Rhousiou—is supported by two...
The Third Military Gate and Its Surroundings
The Third Military Gate is located a short distance north of the Gate of the Pege. It stands between the fourth and fifth towers...
Theodosian Walls
A Response to a Growing City
The Theodosian Walls were built because Constantinople grew rapidly in both population and importance. The city had originally been...
Supplying Water to the New Capital
One of the biggest challenges in building the new city of Constantinople was providing enough clean water. While the ancient water system of Byzantium,...
The Three Main Streets of Constantinople
The city of Constantinople had three main streets that served as the major communication routes across the city. These streets were designed to help...
Said Pasha An Honest Man in a Corrupt System
Said Pasha, who served as the Grand Vizier (the highest official after the Sultan), was known for being honest. Unlike most high-ranking Turkish officials,...
