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Identifying the Gate of St. Romanus
Identifying the Gate of St. Romanus (Top Kapı)
Top Kapoussi (modern Top Kapı), located between the sixth and seventh towers north of the Fourth Military...
Identifying the Gate of the Red Faction
Identifying the Gate of the Red Faction (Porta Rhousiou)
The identification of this gate with the name of the Red Faction—Porta Rhousiou—is supported by two...
The Third Military Gate and Its Surroundings
The Third Military Gate is located a short distance north of the Gate of the Pege. It stands between the fourth and fifth towers...
Theodosian Walls
A Response to a Growing City
The Theodosian Walls were built because Constantinople grew rapidly in both population and importance. The city had originally been...
Supplying Water to the New Capital
One of the biggest challenges in building the new city of Constantinople was providing enough clean water. While the ancient water system of Byzantium,...
The Three Main Streets of Constantinople
The city of Constantinople had three main streets that served as the major communication routes across the city. These streets were designed to help...
Said Pasha An Honest Man in a Corrupt System
Said Pasha, who served as the Grand Vizier (the highest official after the Sultan), was known for being honest. Unlike most high-ranking Turkish officials,...
The Navy Yard on the Golden Horn
A Marine Graveyard
The navy yard on the Golden Horn is like a marine graveyard. Long rows of old ships lie side by side, many...
The People’s Plea and the Sultan’s Refusal
The people from the district returned to the Sultan to ask for help again after the new bridge was destroyed. But the Sultan refused...
Jesus Reveals Who He Is
Jesus introduces himself to the Christians in the city of Smyrna by saying, “I am the First and the Last. I am the one...
